Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a relatively uncommon inherited eye condition that can profoundly impact the lives of affected individuals and their families. This genetic disease is primarily passed down from mothers to their sons through the X chromosome. Although rare, there is also a possibility for females to develop RP if they have an affected father and a carrier mother. The genetic mutation of the X chromosome results in the production of abnormal proteins, leading to a wide range of symptoms associated with RP.

Signs of Retinitis Pigmentosa

Signs of RP can be observed during an eye examination by an ophthalmologist. There are three characteristic signs that form a traditional triad, which can be observed at the back of the eye on the retina. The classic triad includes the presence of bony spicules, optic nerve pallor, and arterial attenuation. Bony spicules refer to clumps of pigmented cells in the peripheral areas of the retina. Optic nerve pallor occurs due to insufficient blood flow to the nerve over a prolonged time period. Arterial attenuation, on the other hand, takes place when small blood vessels in the back of the eye become narrow due to the thickening of the artery walls.

Symptoms of RP

While the signs of RP can only be identified through an eye exam, individuals with the condition may experience certain symptoms. One of the early symptoms of RP is decreased night vision, also known as nyctalopia. As RP affects the rod cells responsible for night vision, the loss of night vision often presents itself as one of the initial symptoms. Another common symptom is a gradual loss of peripheral vision. In most cases, central vision is preserved until the late stages of the disease. The progressive loss of peripheral vision can lead to a constricted visual field or tunnel vision. Additionally, RP can cause mobility issues as navigating obstacles and moving independently can become challenging when the visual field becomes extremely narrow.

Treatment for RP

Unfortunately, there is currently no known cure for RP. However, there are several treatment options available to manage the condition and improve the quality of life. These treatment approaches include genetic therapy, vitamin supplementation, and low-vision therapy.

Genetic therapy, though still relatively new, shows promise in improving prognosis and delaying vision loss. At present, there is only one FDA-approved genetic therapy specifically developed for RP. Ongoing research endeavors aim to further advance genetic therapies to provide long-term solutions for RP symptoms.

Diagnosing RP

Diagnosis of RP can be made by an eye doctor through a comprehensive eye examination and any additional testing required. Regular eye exams are crucial for individuals who suspect they may have RP or have close relatives with the condition. For specialized treatment options such as low-vision therapy, a referral to a qualified low-vision specialist may be necessary.

While living with RP can present challenges, it is important to remember that there are support networks and resources available to help individuals and their families cope with the condition. Seeking appropriate medical care, staying informed about the latest research and treatment advancements, and connecting with support groups can contribute to better management of RP and improved overall well-being.

If you suspect you or a loved one may have RP, consider reaching out to an eye care professional to receive a comprehensive evaluation and discuss potential treatment options. Early detection, timely intervention, and proactive management can aid in preserving vision and improving the quality of life for those affected by RP.

Dr. Anthony Spina and the staff of Premier Eye Associates specialize in glasses, soft contact lenses, hard contact lenses, and medical eye exams. Call our eye doctor in Auburn, AL today at (334) 539-5391 or schedule an appointment online if you are interested in learning more about retinitis pigmentosa.  Our optometrist provides only the highest quality eye care services amongst eye doctors in the Auburn Alabama area.